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CHAIM ENGEL: What I would like to add only is that Hitler didn’t start to be big in one day. It started very small, and things can grow and be bigger, so never, never ignore when you see some bigotry ...

KURT THOMAS: [. . .] the following happened: at 4 o’clock, Untersturmführer Niemann had an appointment to fit a suit. Exactly 4 o’clock. And as I explained before, he came on a horse. The horse’s name ...

These photographs show that the Sobibor killing center was not entirely shrouded in secrecy. Guests were welcomed there, and local people came in to work and even socialize with the SS staff. In their ...

Among Johann Niemann’s possessions was a small photo album documenting a visit to Berlin in summer 1943 by killing center personnel. The trip was a reward from the T4 (“euthanasia” program for the ...

Johann Niemann carefully curated the photographs he collected from his time as a high-level officer at the Sobibor killing center. The few prisoners who appear are reduced to anonymous background ...

“Once you entered Camp number 3, you never got out.” Camp III included the gas chambers, mass graves, and—starting soon after Niemann’s transfer to Sobibor in late summer 1942—a cremation site for the ...

INTERVIEWER: Tell me, was there a deception of the people in the transports. Were they given receipts? I mean, was there a deception so they didn't know where they were going? CHAIM ENGEL: Yeah. Well, ...

KURT THOMAS: They were expert...trade experts. There were cobblers who made shoes to order, and boots. There were tailors who made clothing to order. There were goldsmiths. There was a shop of over 30 ...

THOMAS BLATT: They passed the turn off to Trawniki, and now we know in front of us is Sobibór, and we know what Sobibór is. And some people...and everything is in ...

“We get out and we stood in front of the gate. What did I see? I see a big fence camouflaged by pine branches, braided in the barbed wire, and a gate. On top of the gate is a big sign, black and white ...

In fall 1941, Nazi officials sent Niemann and a small group of fellow “burners” to German-occupied Poland as a part of Operation Reinhard. Operation Reinhard was the code name for the German plan to ...